Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito dothi kubzala maluwa mumiphika yamaluwa

Nthaka ndiyo maziko a kulima maluwa, kusamalira mizu ya maluwa, ndi magwero a zakudya, madzi ndi mpweya.Mizu yazomera imatenga zakudya m'nthaka kuti idyetsenso bwino.

Nthaka imapangidwa ndi mchere, zinthu zachilengedwe, madzi ndi mpweya.Michere yomwe ili m'nthaka ndi granular ndipo imatha kugawidwa kukhala dothi lamchenga, dongo ndi loam malinga ndi kukula kwa tinthu.

Mchenga umakhala woposa 80% ndipo dongo limakhala lochepera 20%.Mchenga uli ndi ubwino waukulu pores ndi yosalala ngalande.Choyipa chake ndi kusasunga bwino kwa madzi komanso kuuma kosavuta.Choncho, mchenga ndiye mfundo yaikulu pokonzekera nthaka ya chikhalidwe.Kuthekera kwa mpweya wabwino, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudula matrix, kosavuta kuzika mizu.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa feteleza m'nthaka yamchenga, feteleza wochuluka ayenera kuikidwa pamaluwa obzalidwa m'nthakayi kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino.Dothi lamchenga limayamwa mwamphamvu ndi kuwala ndi kutentha, kutentha kwa nthaka, kukula kwamaluwa ndi maluwa oyambirira.Mchenga ukhozanso kuikidwa pansi pa beseni ngati ngalande ya ngalande.

Dongo limaposa 60% ndipo mchenga umakhala wosakwana 40%.Nthaka ndi yabwino komanso yomamatira, ndipo pamwamba pa nthaka imang'ambika ndikukhala midadada nthawi ya chilala.Ndizovuta kwambiri kulima ndi kasamalidwe, zosavuta kuumitsa komanso kusatulutsa ngalande.Masulani nthaka ndi kukhetsa madzi odzaza ndi nthawi.Ngati asamalidwa bwino, maluwawo amatha kuphuka bwino komanso kuphuka kwambiri.Chifukwa dongo limakhala ndi feteleza wabwino komanso limasunga madzi bwino, limalepheretsa kutayika kwa madzi ndi feteleza.Maluwa amakula pang’onopang’ono m’nthaka imeneyi ndipo zomera zimakhala zazifupi komanso zamphamvu.Mukabzala maluwa mu dongo lolemera, ndikofunikira kusakaniza dothi lovunda lamasamba, dothi la humus kapena dothi lamchenga kuti musinthe.Kutembenuza nthaka ndi ulimi wothirira m'nyengo yozizira kudzachitika m'nyengo yozizira kumasula nthaka ndikuthandizira ulimi.

Loam ndi dothi lapakati pa mchenga ndi dongo, ndipo zomwe zili mumchenga ndi dongo zimatengera theka.Amene ali ndi mchenga wambiri amatchedwa sandy loam kapena light loam.Amene ali ndi dongo lambiri amatchedwa clayey loam kapena weighing loam.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu itatu yamaluwa yamaluwa yomwe ili pamwambapa, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake, mitundu ina ingapo ingakonzekeredwe, monga dothi la humus, dothi la peat, dothi lovunda lamasamba, dothi lovunda la udzu, nthaka yamatabwa, matope amapiri, nthaka acid, etc.